"Linux Recovery " - When and How? - Computers - Software

GCC or GNU Compiler Collection is often the compiler of choice for developing software that is required to execute on a wide variety of hardware. Differences in close compilers lead to difficulties in developing code that will compile correctly on all the compilers and build scripts that will run for all the platforms. It is the key component of GNU tool chain as well as the official compiler of all GNU Linux systems.

GCC's external interface is generally standard for a UNIX compiler. The GCC has been used in a wide variety of computer architectures, and is extensively deployed as a tool in proprietary, commercial and closed source systems. Now it is the standard compilers for GNU Linux based systems and convert source code to machine code and execute it for booting the systems.

GCC is the most important part of a Linux based computer and is required for successful booting of the system. It happens with some users that when they attempt to start their Linux computer, the GCC might fail to initialize they face the following error message:

Internal compiler error

Cause of the problem

It is possible that the GCC is corrupted; buggy or the user has an old version of it. The problem might also occur if the operating system is not able to swap effectively.

In any of the above cases the final result is inaccessibility of the data and ultimately the data loss. There is no need to mention the importance of data if it is required for some business.

Solution

To resolve this problem one needs to install a fresh copy of GCC, which is possible by reinstalling the operating system. Though, the operating system reinstallation solves all the issues, but there could be a big threat to our precious data because formatting of the primary partition of your hard drive and it can remove all of the data stored on it.

To handle such a critical situation the user need to perform Linux data recovery to retrieve all of his precious data. The data recovery Linux is possible through powerful Linux recovery software.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is one such powerful and the highly developed data recovery Linux software offered by Stellar Information Systems Ltd. This software is one of the most commanding and is capable of performing Linux recovery in each and every case of data loss.

This data recovery Linux software is user friendly, with its interactive and cool user interface, and thus does not demand any sound technical knowledge to carry out Linux recovery. The Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is applicable to all flavors of Linux operating system based on Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems.

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Partition table is invalid or corrupt Error Message in Linux - Computers - Data Recovery

Partitions created in the hard drive enable you to install different operating systems. A partition table is positioned at the first sector (cylinder 0, head 0 and sector 1, Master Boot Record) of every hard drive. This table contains the information about locations and sizes on the hard drive. Corruption in a partition table can occur due to improper system shutdown, file system corruption, software bugs and more. Once the partition table is corrupted, the user may not be able to boot a particular operating system. Furthermore, the data saved in the unbootable partition becomes inaccessible. In such situations, you need to restore the data from the latest backup. To recover the data completely, in case of no backup availability, you need to use effective Linux Data Recovery application. To perform dual boot on the computer system, the user installs two operating systems (Windows Vista and Linux). The user encounters the below error message when he attempts to boot the Lin ux operating syste:Partition table invalid or corrupt This is not goodHowever, when the user attempts to start Windows Vista operating system, he can easily do so. The above error message mainly appears when the sanity checks on the integrity of the partition table fail. After the above error message appears, the data saved in that particular hard drive partition (where Linux is installed) becomes inaccessible. Resolution:To resolve the above error and access the partition data, you need to check the partition table by running FDISK command in Linux. You need to make sure that the at least one of the partitions has been marked as active. However, if there is more than one partition marked as active, then you need to remove that active flag from either of those partitions. If the above measure fails to perform and the user is still not able to access the partition data, then he needs to reinstall Linux on that partition. Reinstalling Linux will delete all the previously saved data from the hard drive partition. To recover the lost data, the user needs to use powerful Linux Recovery software. Such Data Recovery Linux applications employ advanced and high-end scanning methods to recover the lost data. With interactive user-interface, these utilities are easy to understand. A world-wide trusted, effective and advanced application that fulfills all the requirements of being the finest Linux Recovery application is Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery. This read only Linux Recovery application completely recovers and restores data from the lost or deleted logical partitions. It supports all the Linux file systems including Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS. This Linux Recovery utility is compatible with Windows Vista, 2003, XP and 2000.

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Rectifying Error Message "Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock..." in Linux - Computers - Data Recovery

In Linux operating system, the superblock stores important information about the files, folders, inode tables, block group size, disk block map and file system. Corruption in superblock primarily occurs due to file system damage, metadata structure malfunctioning, software bugs and more. Two major consequences of the corrupted superblock are unbootable system and inaccessible data. In such situations, you need to restore the data from the latest backup. However, in case of absence of an updated backup, you need to use powerful Linux Data Recovery software.As a practical scenario, you moved all your music files to a Linux volume. When you attempt to boot your Linux hard drive, you encounter the below error message:Couldn't find valid filesystem superblockdumpe2fs: Attempt to read block from filesystem resulted in a short read while trying to open /dev/hdd1Running FSCK -f on /dev/hdd gives another error message:Couldn't find ext2 superblock, trying backup blocks...fsck.ext3: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/hddAll the music files become inaccessible after the occurrence of above error message. Cause:The above error message primarily occurs because of superblock corruption. Resolution:To troubleshoot and resolve the above problem, you will need to take these steps: Run the Linux Rescue CD and try to boot the system. Now you need to type fdisk l to list all disks and volumes. Boot the system by using an alternate superblock. However, if the above solutions fall short of resolving the above problem, you should reinstall Linux operating system. In such situations, all the data from your hard drive volume gets erased. To systematically recover and restore data from formatted Linux hard drive volume, you need to opt for powerful Linux Recovery software.Such Linux Recovery tools do complete scan and recovery of the affected volume by incorporating effective scanning methods. These recovery utilities recover and restore data a fter issues like superblock corruption, group descriptors faults and inode table damage. With highly graphical documentation, these tools are self-explanatory without any prior technical knowledge. They serve as user-friendly utilities due to their largely automated recovery procedures and simple graphical screens.Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the foremost Linux Recovery application. It is compatible with Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file system based Linux volumes. This read only Data Recovery Linux utility gets installed on Windows (Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux drive is connected as slave.

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Daemons Fail to Start While Booting Linux - Computers - Data Recovery

In Linux and UNIX operating systems, daemon is the computer program that runs in the background other than direct control of a user. You can use these daemons to configure your hardware (like devfsd) and perform tasks like scheduled run of cron in your Linux system. But sometimes, these programs fail to start while booting the Linux system. It can occur due to certain inconsistencies or corruption issues in the file system. In such situations, you need to use a recent and valid data backup to restore the data. However, if the data backup fails to provide the required results, efficient Linux Data Recovery applications can be used to recover the lost files. Consider a scenario, you try to boot Linux system and daemons fail to start. Additionally, when you reboot the system, you get a GRUB error message. When you use the boot disk to mount your root partition, it fails. CauseAs described above, if root partitions file system suffers corruption, the daemons may fail to start at bootup. It can occur if any of the metadata structures like superblock, inode etc. is damaged due to user errors like unexpected system shutdown, incorrect use of commands and more. Solution You can follow these steps to solve this issue: You can run the fsck command to diagnose and repair file system issues of hard disks root partition. The fsck is a command-line utility that can fix various issues of file system corruption. If you find errors that fsck cant fix and still observe the same issues, you need to reformat the hard disk and restore the lost data from a recent data backup. A format operation erases all the data from the selected Linux partition or volume. But, if you do not have a valid data backup, you need to scan your hard disk using Linux Recovery software to recover the lost or inaccessible files. Linux Data Recovery applications are specially designed to scan drives affected from logical data loss. These software can locate the missing information and t hen safely restore it. You will find such Data Recovery Linux tools with user-friendly interface plus remarkably fine recovery capabilities. Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is an effective Linux Recovery solution. The application supports Ext2, Ext3 and ReiserFS file systems. It is compatible with most of the Linux distributions like RedHat, TurboLinux, Slackware etc. It gets installed on Windows (Windows Vista, XP, 2003 and 2000) and the affected Linux hard drive should be connected as slave.

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GRUB Corruption Leads to Data Loss in Linux - Computers - Data Recovery

In Linux operating system, fsck (file system check) is a command-line utility that allows you to check file system and hard drive integrity. Using this tool, you can even fix some minor errors of file system. Generally, it runs automatically during system boot when Linux detects that the file system is not in consistent state, indicating improper system shutdown like power loss or system crash. However, if you run fsck tool on physical volume, you may come across some odd error messages. The errors prevent you from accessing your data and lead to data loss. At this point, you need to use Linux Data Recovery solutions to extract lost data.

When you get such error messages, experts suggest to use the 'pacman' utility for upgrading your Linux kernel and reboot the system for finalizing this operation.

Pacman is an application of Linux operating system, which is used for managing other applications. This tool uses simple files in form of packages and organizes the text-based databases. This is helpful in adding, deleting, and upgrading the packages in Linux computer.

After completion of kernel up-gradation process, if you try to restart the system, system does not boot up. It may stuck on the boot screen. Despite of loading the GRUB (Grand Unified Boot Loader) and starting, the system just display "loading GRUB" message.

In such cases, if you boot the system using floppy, you may get the below error message:

"ERROR: (device hda1): XT_GETPAGE: xtree page corrupt ERROR: (device hda1): XT_GETPAGE: xtree page corrupt"

Subsequent to above error message, if you run fsck tool, the following error occurs:

"Errors detected in Primary File/Directory Allocation Table.File system object FF65726 linked as: /var/run/random-seed File claims cross linked block(s). Cannot repair FF65726."

Cause

This problem is caused by corruption to GRUB or Linux file system. In such cases, hard drive formatting is required, which removes all the data from hard drive. To recover lost data, Data Recovery Linux is required.

You can recover lost data using Data Recovery Linux applications. These are third-party applications, which are capable of methodically scanning the entire storage media and extract lost data from it. The Linux Recovery Software have simple and self-descriptive rich graphical user interface to provide ease of use. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, the applications are safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux data Recovery is the best ever made tool for quick and safe recovery of lost Linux data. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, and FAT16 file system volumes. The software works well with all major distributions of Linux operating system.

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How to Fix "Read-only file system" Error in Linux? - Computers - Data Recovery

File system is the most critical data structure of Linux operating system, which is responsible for organizing data on the hard drive. It ensures quick and easy accessing of your data from the disk. Linux uses file system entries to locate files on the hard drive and access them. But, in some cases, the Linux file system become read-only and you can not access data from your system. The system even refuse to boot up and you come across data loss scenarios. To retrieve lost data in such cases, Linux Data Recovery is required.

In a practical scenario, you may encounter the following error message on your Linux computer that is dual-boot with Windows operating system:

"Read-only file system"

The above error message occurs while mounting Linux partition. After this error message, you can not write or edit data on the hard drive. At the same time, your Linux system may stop responding and you need to do hard reboot.

This behavior of Linux operating system creates mayhem for you and your most valuable assets- data. It might create a thought in your mind that if you need to perform Linux Recovery or not. In order to find out the possibility of data recovery, you need to consider exact cause of this problem. The above issue may occur due to any of the below reasons-

Disk failure

File system corruption

Wrong unlock addresses for the LPC flash chip

If the hard drive is failed, file system is mounted in the read-only mode to prevent further damage to your system. To detect and fix the problem, try out following things-

Check file system errors. If you can not unmount the file system, force the file system check on next system boot. If you find any error, hard drive formatting and file system rebuilding is required.

Run fsck command-line utility on the failed Linux hard drive. It detects and repairs minor file system errors.

If you format the hard drive, all of your critical data is removed from the drive. In order to retrieve lost data in such cases, Linux Recovery solutions are required.

Recovery is best possible with the help of powerful and advanced Linux Data Recovery applications. The software work in all cases of logical data loss. With read-only conduct and rich graphical user interface, the applications are completely safe and easy to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most advanced and efficient tool for assured recovery. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, and FAT16 file system volumes. The software is compatible with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Red Hat, SUSE, Fedora, and Debian.

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Linux Data Recovery Through Ext3grep Utility - Computers - Data Recovery

The Linux file systems are extremely powerful and they work great, particularly the Ext3 file system. It is an extremely robust and mature file system. The file system remains consistent even after a system crash or unexpected power failure. In such cases, you need not to perform long hard drive checks for repairing the file system. There is no possibility of disk fragmentation and a number of more advanced feature and direct deletion of files is one among them. When you delete a file, it is not moved to trash and you do not encounter any message box. But this feature increases the chances of accidental deletion and require Linux Data Recovery if you remove any significant file.

It happens to almost every Linux user sooner or later, just after pressing the Enter key, you realize the mistake, but it's so late. You have deleted a critical file from your Linux hard drive for which you do not have backup. Or may be the backup is not updated or damaged. It may create panic situations for most of the users, but you should keep in mind that files are folders are never deleted physically from the hard drive.

After you delete the file or directory, it remains physically intact until it is being overwritten by any other file or directory. Thus, you need to immediately remount the hard drive as read-only. There are various methods of perform Data Recovery Linux automatically or manually. Most of the computer operating systems has some or the other utilities to retrieve deleted files.

In Ext3 file system, you can use Ext3grep utility to retrieve deleted files from the Linux hard drive. It is actually a Linux utility, which is able to retrieve completely deleted files from Ext3 file system volumes. Using this utility is completely safe as it does not overwrite data on the disk.

Although, the Ext3grep is a quite significant and useful utility to recover lost Linux data, but it has some disadvantages as well. This tool can not recover files that are larger than 2 GB in size and can not retrieve files that are deleted due to any other reason.

In these cases, Linux Data Recovery applications come for your rescue. These are effective third party utilities, which allow you to perform Linux Recovery on your own. With read-only and non-destructive conduct, the applications are completely safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most efficient solution for all Linux data loss situations. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. The software works with all major distributions of Linux operating system including Mandriva, SUSE, Red Hat, Fedora, and Debian.

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How to Fix "Unable to resolve UUID" Error in Linux - Computers - Data Recovery

Modern distributions of Linux operating systems use UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) to uniquely identify hard drive or other data storage devices, in place of the conventional block names like /dev/sdb and /dev/hda1. It is due to the fact that UUID is never modified, even if the hard drive is switched. It is stable as compared to traditional methods, and prevents system failure and need of Linux Data Recovery solutions.

UUID is a 128-bit string that is used for making the Linux hard disk management simple. If you look at /etc/fstab file in your Linux computer, you find the entry in the following format, in place of the familiar hard drive designation:

UUID=62fa5eac-3df4-448d-a576-916dd5b432f2

In comparison to the traditional hard drive identification techniques, UUID is quite easy and reliable. For instance, in the traditional Linux systems, when you try to insert a new hard drive in a system that already has two hard drives, the drive is inserted between existing drives. At this point, 'mount' command attempts to mount the newly inserted drives as home.

In such situation, you need to log on as a single user for resolving the problem. However, when you log on, it gives you some error message and in the worst case scenario, you may encounter kernel panic. You can fix this issue using UUID.

UUID creates a unique entry for each hard disk volume in the Linux file system tree. Using UUID offers easy management of your Linux hard disks and creates less complication while adding or removing the disk.

Although, UUID is quite useful and it provides various advanced features, but it also has some faults. Sometimes, you may encounter the below error message when you attempt to access a UUID based Linux hard drive:

"Fsck 1.40.8 (13-Mar-200fsck.ext3: Unable to resolve 'UUID=d8533154-cef1-4cce-a823-9f3f74aab65b'"

After the above error message, you can not access the particular hard drive. All the data stored on your hard drive become inaccessible and you come across critical data loss. At this point, Linux Recovery Software come for your rescue.

The applications perform absolute Data recovery linux in most of the logical data loss situations, using advanced scanning algorithms. These tools enable you to perform Linux Recovery on your own as they have self-descriptive and simple graphical user interface. With read-only and non-destructive behavior, the applications are completely safe to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most comprehensive application for perfect recovery of all lost data. The software is compatible with all Linux distributions including SUSE, Debian, Red Hat, and Fedora. It recovers lost data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes.

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How to Resolve Linux Error- "Read-only file system" - Computers - Data Recovery

Are you facing "Read-only file system" error while booting your Linux computer? Does your system refuse to boot up in dual-boot configuration with Microsoft Windows operating system? When you encounter this behavior, system can not boot up and your data becomes inaccessible. At the same time, system may stop responding and you need to perform hard reboot. This overall behavior leads to significant data loss on your Linux system and need Linux Data Recovery to be sorted out.

In order to try fixing this issue on your Linux computer, identify the root cause of this problem. You may come across such circumstances due to any of the below reasons:

Damaged or corrupted file system

Improper unlock addresses for the LPC (Low Pin Count) flash chip

Hard drive failure

Linux automatically re-mounts the file system as read-only, if a hard drive failure takes place. In order to detect the affected system component and fix it, go through the underwritten steps:

To check error, integrity, and consistency of file system, unmount it first. If you can not unmount the file system, being root file system, force file system check at next reboot. If you find that file system is corrupted, hard drive formatting is required to rebuild or replace the damaged file system.

Run fsck command-line utility on the affected Linux hard drive. It is an in-built tool of Linux operating system, which lets you repair a number of issues with inode structure, data blocks, directory structures and more.

If hard drive failure is the problem, format hard drive, reinstall operating system, and restore data from the most recent backup.

Formatting is the process of creating a new copy of all the hard drive data structures, including file system. It removes every type of errors from the hard drive and make it as a new drive, deleting all the data, applications, and even operating system from it.

This process causes severe data loss, if the backup is not in place. In such conditions, Linux Recovery come for your rescue. You can carry out safe, quick, and easy Data Recovery Linux through third-party recovery applications.

Such tools are known as Linux Recovery Software. They use advanced scanning techniques to perform thorough scan of data loss affected hard drive and carry out absolute recovery in most of the logical data loss situations.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most effective and powerful application to retrieve lost Linux data. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT12, FAT16, and FAT32 file system volumes. The software works well with all major distributions of Linux operating system, including Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu, and Fedora.

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Resizing Linux Partitions Using Gparted May Cause Data Loss - Computers - Data Recovery

Are you resizing your Linux hard drive partitions using Gparted utility? Create an absolute backup of your valuable data before your proceed. Gparted provides you advanced and easy methods to perform a number of operations on your Linux volumes. However, in some cases, re-sizing the partition with Gparted utility can become very problematic. It may corrupt the volumes and cause critical data loss situations. In order to recover lost data in such circumstances, Linux Data Recovery becomes need of hour.

Gparted is an inbuilt tool in Linux operating system, which enables you to create, resize, deleted, copy, move, or check hard drive partitions, and file systems on partitions. It also creates partition table on hard drive and enables/disables the partition flags like hidden and boot. It is helpful for reorganizing disk usage, creating space for new OS, mirroring one volume with another, and copying the data stored on hard drive.

Sometimes, while resizing the Linux hard drive partitions through Gparted tool, the process may gets terminated with read/write errors. After this alarming incident, hard drive doesn't mount at all and gives you further errors.

At this point, if you run the fsck utility after restarting the problem remains intact. Furthermore, you encounter further error messages. The situations keep getting more and more serious at every attempt of solving this problem. Linux superblock may get damaged, and give you the indication of file system corruption.

The problem can be indicated by various error messages, such as:

"Superblock corrupted, run with -b 32768"

Some warning messages may also occur, which indicates the the device is busy and it cannot be accessed.

Redundant copies of the superblock are maintained by Linux file system. You can fix this issue by using any of such copies. You can search alternative superblock using "mkfs -n" command.

However, if you cannot find a superblock that is free from corruption, you need to format the hard drive and reinstall operating system. Although, this method can fix up the problem, but also removes all the data from hard drive and creates need of Data Recovery Linux.

You can recover Linux data with the help of third-party Linux Data Recovery software. The applications enable you to perform Linux data Recovery on your own as they have simple graphical user interface.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most advanced and widely used application to perform absolute recovery of lost Linux data. It works well with all major distributions of Linux operating system, such as Red Hat, Debian, SUSE, Fedora, and Ubuntu. The software recovers lost data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, VFAT, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes.

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Linux Data Loss Caused by Block Group Descriptor - Computers - Data Recovery

Ext3 is the most commonly used and stable file system of Linux operating system. This journaled Linux file system divides hard drive space into blocks. These blocks are managed in block groups. Every block group is defined by an individual data structure, which stores critical information, known as Group Block Descriptor. Every block group is assigned data structure to access it.

The data structure is also useful because it contains inode table, inode bitmap, and location information of block bitmap. The group descriptors are arranged sequentially and together create group descriptor table. In such situations, the block group descriptors get damaged and your system becomes inaccessible. It causes data loss and requires Linux Data Recovery if there is no backup in place.

When the Group Descriptors get damaged, the entire Linux file system is considered corrupt. Corruption is generally caused by unexpected system shutdown, internal system errors, virus infection, and other such cases. Since the group descriptors are damaged, Linux machine does not boot up and shows various error messages similar to the following one:

"EXT3-fs error: ext3_check_descriptors / group descriptors corrupted"

For every block group in Linux, group descriptor table is positioned immediately after the copy of superblock. Linux duplicates the group descriptors for every block group to avoid data loss and the need for Data Recovery Linux in case of file system corruption. Only the first copy of block group descriptors is used when system boots normally.

You can try repairing the damaged file system in such situations using fsck command-line utility. The fsck tool checks integrity of your Linux hard drive, finds errors on the drive, and tries to fix them. It mostly fixes minor file system errors. However, extensive damage can not be handled by fsck. In such situations, you need to replace the damaged file system with a new one.

A new file system can be created by formatting the hard drive and reinstalling the operating system. Formatting makes your hard drive new, removing all the errors, applications, operating system, and data. Although, it sorts out the problem, it also leads to severe data loss and you require Data Recovery Linux to get your data back.

Recovery can be done using advanced third-party tools, known as Ext3 Recovery software. These software employ advanced scanning algorithms to ensure absolute recovery in all data loss situations. With non-destructive behavior and interactive design, they are totally safe and simple to use.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery software helps you to recover valuable Linux data from almost all types of popular storage media. The software recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes. It works well with all major distributions of Linux operating system, such as Red Hat, SUSE, Debian, Mandriva, and Fedora.

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SCSI CRC Boot Errors May Cause Data Loss in Linux - Computers - Data Recovery

Booting errors are very common in Linux operating system, which makes your system unbootable and unusable. The errors prevent your system from booting and render it totally inaccessible. They prove to be a big threat to your precious data. Such errors usually occur after unexpected system shutdown and hard drive data structure corruption.

Losing data from hard drive in such situations creates big problems for your business. So, you need to restore data from the latest backup to prevent data loss. However, in case backup is not updated or available, Linux Recovery solutions come to your help.

When you face boot errors, your Linux system refuses to boot properly. There are various types of boot errors, depending upon the type and cause of failure. One such error is SCSI CRC error. You may come across the below error message when your Linux operating system loads:

"Creating Root Device

mounting root filesystem

(scsi:0:0:0:0) CRC error during data-in phase

(scsi:0:0:0:0) CRC error in intermediate CRC packet

scsi: aborting command due to timeout: pid 0, scsi 0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0 read (10)......"

The above error halts Linux boot process, making your hard drive inaccessible. To retrieve lost data in such cases, identify the problem and perform Data Recovery Linux by resolving it.

Cause

On the first appearance, this issue seems to be associated with hardware problems, but this is not the case. You may face this behavior due to any of the below reasons:

* Damaged or missing /boot directory from Linux operating system installation.

* File system error or corruption.

* Missing or corrupted initrd.

/boot directory is a major component of Linux operating system, which contains critical information about booting parameters and process. While initrd is a temporary data structure, which makes preparations before mounting of root file system.

Resolution

Use Rescue CD of Linux operating system to overcome this problem by restoring damaged /boot directory and initrd. When it fails, go for Data Recovery Linux software to retrieve lost data.

The Linux Data Recovery applications are able to scan damaged Linux hard drive and extract all lost data from it. They have read-only conduct on the drive to ensure safe recovery, without modifying original data on the disk.

Stellar Phoenix Linux Data Recovery is the most comprehensive and advanced utility to ensures absolute recovery of lost data. The software works well with all major distributions of Linux operating systems, such as SUSE, Debian, Red Hat, Ubuntu, and Fedora. It recovers data from Ext4, Ext3, Ext2, FAT32, FAT16, and FAT12 file system volumes.

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Loss of data following a natural disaster and data recovery in Europe - Technology - Gadgets and Gizmos

Whether it is a memorable photograph, video or any official document, the data in any form whatsoever are invaluable. Once lost, some data may never be recreated or involve a significant investment in time and money to regain their original level. If the lost data are of commercial importance, the consequences may be larger and cause a huge loss both commercial and personal. Whatever the precautions we take, loss of data due to a natural disaster can never be prevented and the devastating effects are still out of proportion. In such cases frustrating loss of data, data recovery services are a boon for those who have responded.

I made my own recent experience. It was a Saturday afternoon, August 7. As it rained for almost 4-5 days and I was not at my desk, I decided to spend quality time with my family. Usually, my job allows me to rest quietly at home, so it was really relaxing to stay indoors. We made a delicious lunch, watched a movie and talked a lot, the whole family was in one piece.Around 16h, I received a call from the office informing me that a dam at the outlet of the city had surrendered and that rain water had already begun to enter the office. I went out to see what was happening outside, but I had to turn back halfway.I had never seen a situation like this, the flood waters entered the city and the roads were almost drowned. We were on the 2nd floor to 21h, our ground floor was already half-drowned. We moved all the important accessories of the ground floor and passed a helpless position.

It lasted two days, until Tuesday morning the flood level begins to drop. We went to see the condition of the house, our underground garage was still flooded. We just pumped it toward the outside, our new car was in a state that my wife could not help but cry. Suddenly I remembered that my office laptop was left inside the car and was no longer operable. All my client records and financial transactions in recent months were inside. I panicked and went straight to the office of the administrator of the system. He checked everything, suggested a test drive with experts to recover some data and told me that there was little chance of recovering the data.

It Stelllar Data Recovery, I called and they took my laptop to a preliminary analysis. After a day, they called me and said that all data had been retrieved successfully. I was full of gratitude towards the company and experts.

Later, I inquired about Stellar and I discovered that it is a provider of data recovery in Europe. Stellar has all the necessary world-class infrastructure such as laboratories, clean room Class 100 ISO certified, advanced tools and techniques, and uses the best experts in data recovery market. Moreover, since more than 16 years, the organization provides its services in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Hungary and Austria.Whether it is a memorable photograph, video or any official document, the data in any form whatsoever are invaluable. Once lost, some data may never be recreated or involve a significant investment in time and money to regain their original level. If the lost data are of commercial importance, the consequences may be larger and cause a huge loss both commercial and personal. Whatever the precautions we take, loss of data due to a natural disaster can never be prevented and the devastating effects are still out of proportion. In such cases frustrating loss of data, data recovery services are a boon for those who have responded.

I made my own recent experience. It was a Saturday afternoon, August 7. As it rained for almost 4-5 days and I was not at my desk, I decided to spend quality time with my family. Usually, my job allows me to rest quietly at home, so it was really relaxing to stay indoors. We made a delicious lunch, watched a movie and talked a lot, the whole family was in one piece.Around 16h, I received a call from the office informing me that a dam at the outlet of the city had surrendered and that rain water had already begun to enter the office. I went out to see what was happening outside, but I had to turn back halfway.I had never seen a situation like this, the flood waters entered the city and the roads were almost drowned. We were on the 2nd floor to 21h, our ground floor was already half-drowned. We moved all the important accessories of the ground floor and passed a helpless position.

It lasted two days, until Tuesday morning the flood level begins to drop. We went to see the condition of the house, our underground garage was still flooded. We just pumped it toward the outside, our new car was in a state that my wife could not help but cry. Suddenly I remembered that my office laptop was left inside the car and was no longer operable. All my client records and financial transactions in recent months were inside. I panicked and went straight to the office of the administrator of the system. He checked everything, suggested a test drive with experts to recover some data and told me that there was little chance of recovering the data.

It Stelllar Data Recovery, I called and they took my laptop to a preliminary analysis. After a day, they called me and said that all data had been retrieved successfully. I was full of gratitude towards the company and experts.

Later, I looked about and found out that Stellar is a provider of services for data recovery in Europe. Stellar has all the necessary world-class infrastructure such as laboratories, clean room Class 100 ISO certified, advanced tools and techniques, and uses the best experts in data recovery market. Moreover, since more than 16 years, the organization provides its services in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Hungary and Austria.

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Keep Your Files Protected With A Disaster Recovery Plan - Computers - Software

Most organizations have a Disaster Recovery Plan set up in case all of their information technology becomes lost due to a natural disaster or even a man made accident in which the company's servers can be compromised and loss of data is inevitable. When there are not any back-ups set up, around forty-three percent of companies cannot recover and must shut their doors.

You'll find whole sectors in businesses focused upon the backing up of files. Typically, the data files tend to be copied to hard disks and held in a protected dwelling off-site. Off shore data recovery websites are getting to be a lot more common in the current business community.

Using a Disaster Recovery Plan in place is of the highest importance where financial information and consumer and customer data is concerned. The majority of companies sit down with a date recovery consultant to find out where their needs are and what natural disasters may have a larger impact on the reduction of business.

For instance, California companies have these kinds of plans available just in case an earthquake would hit likely producing serious damage to the building but definitely leading to power outages that might last for days. The longer the electricity is out, the easier it is for data files to become compromised or entirely erased.

In some states you will find guidelines set up wanting organizations to have some sort of Disaster Recovery Plan set up and because of this, most companies have strategic analysts to not merely get a plan in place but also to train personnel of the plans, what has to be carried out, how rapidly and the fundamentals to properly backing up data files and storing them.

The analysts produce charts and written goals to look at where the need is most crucial and what information and facts are more important and should be saved first and just how rapidly the plan needs to go into effect after the disaster occurs. It is important that everybody from the business is fully briefed with such plans so implementation of the strategy is not affected at all.

Most companies make use of Disaster Recovery Plan templates to help them put a more efficient program into place. Considering fifty-one percent of all organizations impacted by natural disasters do not make it for longer than one or two years after a disaster has taken place, they run on a zero tolerance policy.

Financial risk assessments are fine to get but are not actually necessary when a company is aware of where they might be considered vulnerable in the loss of data. Most people are susceptible to hackers and in recent years following September 11th, it is not smart to assume our business won't become a victim to this kind of problem occurring. Most companies do employ off-shore data recovery sites though, as long as the business holds their files in a distant off-site location, execution of the plans ought to proceed effortlessly as soon as possible following the disaster.

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Recover your Universal Serial Bus Data - Computers - Data Recovery

USB is a short abbreviation to universal serial bus, which is compatible with most of the computers. It belongs to the plug and play devices, which facilitate you to transfer you data from one computer to other. USB's is used for the sake of data transferring. Now a day, people like to share and transfer their files. People like to copy their files to the portable devices like USB's.

USB's make you capable of data transfer from one end to other. USB's make you capable of sharing your videos, songs, movies, dramas, talk shows and documentaries. USB is now provided in 512MB, 1GB, 2GB, 4GB, 8GB and 16 GB. These massive storage capabilities make you capable of transferring your massive files. Now, you can easily transfer your files from one computer to other. You can share your files with your friends and family. You do not need to upload and download or mail your files, as you can transfer your files via USB.

USB's are transferred from computer to computer; this is why your USB may contain viruses and worms. You like to format or scan your universal serial buses. Sometime people mistakenly format, delete or lose their important files. People think they cannot recover their crucial data. There are lots of misconceptions about the data recovery procedure. You can easily recover your lost, formatted or deleted videos.

Do you need a USB data recovery application? Yes, you need an application to recover your USB data. Your USB may contain crucial data and information. You will need an application, which can easily recover your lost, formatted or deleted data. People have wrong thinking, that they cannot recover their crucial data. If you do not own such an application; you would not be capable of getting your important data back. It is much wiser to own such an application, so that you do not get any worries in the future. You will need it to recover data from USB. Sometime you transfer crucial documents or videos into your universal serial bus, but you do not find them at some other computer. You will become worried, as that data or information may be crucial for you. You cannot afford to lose your precious data. The case becomes complex; if you do not have a backup of your files. You will definitely need an application, which can recover files from USB.

How and where to consult for good USB data recovery tool?Yes, it is difficult to find an exact match of your problem. There are multiple applications, which claim to serve you. You need an application, which should be quick, reliable, and faster; and should recover your data completely. The application would be responsible for recovering data fast. You cannot afford to wait a lot for the USB recovery process. You must visit Wonder share, before you declare your final selection. This website provides you with decent application for recovering your USB data. It facilitates you with an application, which fulfills are your demands. A good application will bring fruitful results, as compared to a bad application.

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Data is always on Risk without Hard Disk Data Recovery Sofware - Computers

No matter who you are, where one function, or exactly what type of computer one utilize - the computer informations is always as risk. By having illnesses, power surges, thunderstorms, natural disasters, mortal mistakes, as well as cyberpunks about, the threats are constantly real. To be actually on the reliable side, you will must back up your files and stay doing it on a regular basis. In the program of your hard drive failing, you 'll desire data recovery - which is the only possibility accessible.

Before one travel down that extensive road of data recovery, there are actually some things to remember. If you are utilizing the computer and a show begins to appear strange, you ought to shut things down right away. One could also hear some very strange sounds also, which is the initial signal that the challenging driving is functioning overtime. If one shut the computer down instantly at this point, you may stop data loss from happening. If you do not shut the computer down and enable the failing hard drive to continue managing, it'ses just a matter of time prior to it demolishes itself - which will inevitably generate the loss of informations.

If this occurs, and you drop all of the data, one need to never ever try to mend the hard drive yourself unless one understand just what to carry out. At this phase, professional data recovery services are not simply a high end - they're a little something you should offer. The method for data recovery is actually time consuming, and calls for both devices as well as a clean work atmosphere. Striving to repair a hard drive on your own is remarkably difficult, as well as might start making matters far worse yet if one really don't understand what one are actually carrying out.

Even though there are actually software out there for data recovery, one shouldn't use them unless one understand exactly what one are actually accomplishing. That has many hard drive complications being incredibly elaborate, software can carry out additional harm than very good. Even though providers could profess that their software will definitely correct the trouble as well as, retrieve the data, you should constantly make use of prudence and simply prevent the usage of carry out it yourself software.

To be on the safe side that has your hard drive and bring back the informations that you dropped, one need to continually rely on a regional data recovery service. This means, you 'll realize that the hard disk is actually in very good hands as well as it will certainly be actually mended the right way. Specialist services can fix approximately any hard drive issue, as well as recoup every type of informations. In some circumstanceses, your hard drive might be actually past mend, also for expert data recovery specialists. If this transpires, one need to be prepared to buy a brand-new hard drive - as well as add up the blessings that one assumed to back up your informations in advancement.

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Data is always on Risk without Hard Disk Data Recovery Sofware - Computers

No matter who you are, where one function, or exactly what type of computer one utilize - the computer informations is always as risk. By having illnesses, power surges, thunderstorms, natural disasters, mortal mistakes, as well as cyberpunks about, the threats are constantly real. To be actually on the reliable side, you will must back up your files and stay doing it on a regular basis. In the program of your hard drive failing, you 'll desire data recovery - which is the only possibility accessible.

Before one travel down that extensive road of data recovery, there are actually some things to remember. If you are utilizing the computer and a show begins to appear strange, you ought to shut things down right away. One could also hear some very strange sounds also, which is the initial signal that the challenging driving is functioning overtime. If one shut the computer down instantly at this point, you may stop data loss from happening. If you do not shut the computer down and enable the failing hard drive to continue managing, it'ses just a matter of time prior to it demolishes itself - which will inevitably generate the loss of informations.

If this occurs, and you drop all of the data, one need to never ever try to mend the hard drive yourself unless one understand just what to carry out. At this phase, professional data recovery services are not simply a high end - they're a little something you should offer. The method for data recovery is actually time consuming, and calls for both devices as well as a clean work atmosphere. Striving to repair a hard drive on your own is remarkably difficult, as well as might start making matters far worse yet if one really don't understand what one are actually carrying out.

Even though there are actually software out there for data recovery, one shouldn't use them unless one understand exactly what one are actually accomplishing. That has many hard drive complications being incredibly elaborate, software can carry out additional harm than very good. Even though providers could profess that their software will definitely correct the trouble as well as, retrieve the data, you should constantly make use of prudence and simply prevent the usage of carry out it yourself software.

To be on the safe side that has your hard drive and bring back the informations that you dropped, one need to continually rely on a regional data recovery service. This means, you 'll realize that the hard disk is actually in very good hands as well as it will certainly be actually mended the right way. Specialist services can fix approximately any hard drive issue, as well as recoup every type of informations. In some circumstanceses, your hard drive might be actually past mend, also for expert data recovery specialists. If this transpires, one need to be prepared to buy a brand-new hard drive - as well as add up the blessings that one assumed to back up your informations in advancement.

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How to recover deleted or lost data, file, photo on Mac with Data Recovery software - Computers - Data Recovery

Have you ever deleted or lost important data, document, and files from your Mac by accident? Now Mac OS are used very popular and Apple devices are hot in our daily life and work. No one likes losing important Mac data files, but file loss situations happen all the time in ways of accidentally deleting, formatting or virus attack etc. However, don't get upset if you lost your files, as there is a number of ways you can recover them. Mac Data Recovery program available today can effectively restore lost files. That is the reason why we need data recovery software. But the question is, "Which data recovery program is the best?" This is a problem faced by most Mac users when they searched data recovery software after data loss. And in this article I would introduce an excellent Mac file recovery software.

iDisksoft Data Recovery for Mac is a safe and reliable Mac data recovery software with professional and powerful recovery function to recover Mac data loss due to accidental deleting, formatting, virus infection, improper operation, unexpected power failure, and other unknown reasons. It is powerful all-in-one Mac data recovery software and can recover and undelete the files from trash bin. This powerful Data Recovery tool can recover Mac OS data from lost, deleted, logical corrupted and formatted hard drive, memory sticks, iPod, USB drive, SD card, digital camera, mobile phone, MP3, and MP4 player. With the user-friendly interface, you can recover your Mac file loss just by a few mouse-clicks.

Below is a simple and easy guide for you to use the data recovery tool:[b]Step1. Free download and install the Mac data recover software on Official website:[/b][b]Step2. Startup and select data recovery mode to scan the deleted data of Mac OS.[/b]There are four recovery modes for you:1.Deleted Recovery:Find deleted files from your Mac file system, even from Trash Bin.2.Deep Recovery:Recover lost Mac files by deep scan all the disk sectors.3.Partition Recovery:Scan hard drive and mass storage devices, such as USB disk or DC Flash Card for lost or deleted volumes. It can also search volumes that fail to mount.4.Photo Recovery:This option is designed specifically for you to recover multimedia files, such as: Mac image, picture, video, music, movie recovery, etc. from Mac hard disk, USB drive Digital Camera SD Card, Memory Stick. It is easy to recover lost, deleted, formatted and inaccessible images, video/audio and music files from Mac based hard drives, iPod, USB drives, SD card, digital camera, mobile phone, MP3, MP4 player, and other media storage devices.

Select one of the four recovery modes according to your needs. Here, "Deep Recovery" mode is selected.And then select the target volume where you want to recover Mac data. Click "Next" button to start automatic scan. In the process of scanning, if you have already found the files that you need, you can click "Cancel" button to stop the scan, and go direct to the next step. [b]Step3. Select Files to Recover[/b]Select the file types you want to recover. Certainly, you can click the button to select the types or cancel the selection. And then select a path to save the files you want.[b]Some tips for you:[/b]1.The deleted file will be recovered with original name and directory.It's recommended to save the recovered files on another drive!Otherwise the lost/deleted data could be overwritten!Certainly,you can create new folder to save them.2.You can preview images in the preview window above the list column,or double click the image to preview it in a large window.3.This Mac Dat a Recovery software actually combines the functions of Mac File Recovery,Disk Recovery,Delete Recovery,USB Recovery,and Photo Recovery.It could support NTFS,FAT, MAC EXT,RAID and other file system.And it is one of the best Mac recover application for you to bring back your lost data in a short span of time.4.It supports lots of file types of data recovery: standard or graphic image (JPG/JPEG, TIF/TIFF, PNG, BMP, GIF, PSD, etc.), RAW Image (CRW, CR2, NEF, ORF, RAF, SR2, MRW, DCR, etc.), video (AVI, MOV, MP4, M4V, 3GP, 3G2, WMV, ASF, FLV, etc.), audio(AIF/AIFF, M4A, MP3, WAV, WMA, MID/MIDI, etc.), document(DOC/DOCX, XLS/XLSX, PPT/PPT/PPTX, PDF, CWK, HTML/HTM, INDD, EPS, etc.), and archive(ZIP, RAR, SIT, etc.).

iDisksoft Studio is professional Data Recover solution vendor and provides the best recovery software tools for you to rescue lost file on Mac. In addition, they also have Windows Data Recovery which could support Windows 7, XP and Vista. And all their products provide free download and trial. If you want to get more help and knowledge about this data recovery, you can visit official website. Hope this guide could help you to solve the data or file lost problem, both on Mac and Windows.

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How to recover deleted or lost data, file, photo on Mac with Data Recovery software. - Computers - Data Recovery

Have you ever deleted or lost important data, document, and files from your Mac by accident? Now Mac OS are used very popular and Apple devices are hot in our daily life and work. No one likes losing important Mac data files, but file loss situations happen all the time in ways of accidentally deleting, formatting or virus attack etc. However, don't get upset if you lost your files, as there is a number of ways you can recover them. Mac Data Recovery program available today can effectively restore lost files. That is the reason why we need data recovery software. But the question is, "Which data recovery program is the best?" This is a problem faced by most Mac users when they searched data recovery software after data loss. And in this article I would introduce an excellent Mac file recovery software.

iDisksoft Data Recovery for Mac is a safe and reliable Mac data recovery software with professional and powerful recovery function to recover Mac data loss due to accidental deleting, formatting, virus infection, improper operation, unexpected power failure, and other unknown reasons. It is powerful all-in-one Mac data recovery software and can recover and undelete the files from trash bin. This powerful Data Recovery tool can recover Mac OS data from lost, deleted, logical corrupted and formatted hard drive, memory sticks, iPod, USB drive, SD card, digital camera, mobile phone, MP3, and MP4 player. With the user-friendly interface, you can recover your Mac file loss just by a few mouse-clicks.

Below is a simple and easy guide for you to use the data recovery tool:[b]Step1. Free download and install the Mac data recover software on Official website:[/b][b]Step2. Startup and select data recovery mode to scan the deleted data of Mac OS.[/b]There are four recovery modes for you:1.Deleted Recovery:Find deleted files from your Mac file system, even from Trash Bin.2.Deep Recovery:Recover lost Mac files by deep scan all the disk sectors.3.Partition Recovery:Scan hard drive and mass storage devices, such as USB disk or DC Flash Card for lost or deleted volumes. It can also search volumes that fail to mount.4.Photo Recovery:This option is designed specifically for you to recover multimedia files, such as: Mac image, picture, video, music, movie recovery, etc. from Mac hard disk, USB drive Digital Camera SD Card, Memory Stick. It is easy to recover lost, deleted, formatted and inaccessible images, video/audio and music files from Mac based hard drives, iPod, USB drives, SD card, digital camera, mobile phone, MP3, MP4 player, and other media storage devices.

Select one of the four recovery modes according to your needs. Here, "Deep Recovery" mode is selected.And then select the target volume where you want to recover Mac data. Click "Next" button to start automatic scan. In the process of scanning, if you have already found the files that you need, you can click "Cancel" button to stop the scan, and go direct to the next step.[b]Step3. Select Files to Recover[/b]Select the file types you want to recover. Certainly, you can click the button to select the types or cancel the selection. And then select a path to save the files you want.[b]Some tips for you:[/b]1.The deleted file will be recovered with original name and directory.It's recommended to save the recovered files on another drive!Otherwise the lost/deleted data could be overwritten!Certainly,you can create new folder to save them.2.You can preview images in the preview window above the list column,or double click the image to preview it in a large window.3.This Mac Data Recovery software actually combines the functions of Mac File Recovery,Disk Recovery,Delete Recovery,USB Recovery,and Photo Recovery.It could support NTFS,FAT, MAC EXT,RAID and other file system.And it is one of the best Mac recover application for you to bring back your lost data in a short span of time.4.It supports lots of file types of data recovery: standard or graphic image (JPG/JPEG, TIF/TIFF, PNG, BMP, GIF, PSD, etc.), RAW Image (CRW, CR2, NEF, ORF, RAF, SR2, MRW, DCR, etc.), video (AVI, MOV, MP4, M4V, 3GP, 3G2, WMV, ASF, FLV, etc.), audio(AIF/AIFF, M4A, MP3, WAV, WMA, MID/MIDI, etc.), document(DOC/DOCX, XLS/XLSX, PPT/PPT/PPTX, PDF, CWK, HTML/HTM, INDD, EPS, etc.), and archive(ZIP, RAR, SIT, etc.).

iDisksoft Studio is professional Data Recover solution vendor and provides the best recovery software tools for you to rescue lost file on Mac. In addition, they also have Windows Data Recovery which could support Windows 7, XP and Vista. And all their products provide free download and trial. If you want to get more help and knowledge about this data recovery, you can visit official website. Hope this guide could help you to solve the data or file lost problem, both on Mac and Windows.

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How Computer Programs That Wipe Hard Drive Work

It can be an advocacy but usually, companies that dispose old computers when they buy new units often donate the equipments to institutions and to some people who need personal computers. This is a widely acceptable practice. But are you ready to give much more than the worth of the personal computer you are donating? You might not be fully aware of it but when you are giving your old personal computer to other people, you are also giving the recipient the opportunity to access your old files and information saved previously on the hard disk.

Even if you have deleted the files in the Windows operating system and in the Recycle Bin, there would always be traces of the deleted file somewhere within the hard drive of the computer. The simple process of deletion would only remove the shortcuts to the files. In actuality, the files are still there, though you could hardly trace them. But imagine if in the long process of donating, the personal computer goes to the possession of an expert who could be able to restore and retrieve the deleted files. There are many recovery and restoration software available in the market that could facilitate instant retrieval of deleted files.

Will you be willing to afford to lose sensitive information like trade secrets, personal information, confidential data, bank and credit account numbers and contact details of clients? Much more, will you be willing to take the risk of sharing such important and confidential information to some unscrupulous people who might use the data inappropriately, maliciously and fraudulently? If not, then, it is high time you wipe hard drive of your computer.

Disk wiping is the process of erasing saved data on storage devices like compact discs, thumb drives and hard drives. When you wipe hard drive, you are ensuring that all previously deleted files on the personal computer would never ever be recovered or accessed even with the use of the most powerful data recovery software. Wiping hard drive is actually working by overwriting the entire hard drive not just once but several times. Thus, you can rest assured that no data or file would ever remain in the computer memory for life. To put it simply, it is impossible to retrieve data that have already been overwritten. The process is irreversible.

How does the process work? When you wipe hard drive, the process generally overwrites the whole disk with zero or one. A reformat would follow. The overwriting process takes on and repeats itself several times, solidifying the security purpose. That is the reason why such computer programs usually take some time to complete. When you wipe hard drive, you are practically disk wiping applications by overwriting master boot record, the partition table and each sector present in the computer hard drive.

When you wipe a hard drive, you are ensuring the safety and confidentiality of all files that had been saved and later on erased from the computer memory. Such pertinent data and information would never ever be accessed by anyone, especially the unauthorized ones.

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MCSE 70 290 Certification Primer

Microsoft Certifications are one of the most widely acclaimed, pursued, and achieved technical certifications in the IT industry. The demand for Microsoft Certified Professionals in the job market is increasing every year.

Microsoft offers a number of certification levels depending on specific areas of proficiency and nature of job. Some of the certifications pertaining to networking are

Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP)

Microsoft Certified System Administrator (MCSA)

Microsoft Certified System Engineer (MCSE)

Each certification level has certain exams associated with it. You can decide the appropriate certification exam based on your experience, skills, and interests.

Benefits of Microsoft Certifications

Microsoft Certifications provide a standard method for testing employee skills. The certifications provide employers a valid benchmark for evaluating the employee's abilities. This will provide you the recognition and reward as per your expertise.

Microsoft Certifications offer prospective employers a baseline to judge your knowledge, skill, and expertise in the field. Certifications can provide added advantage if you are at the same level of experience as another person without certifications.

Certifications are a valuable tool if you have no or very little experience. The certifications that you hold can prove and reassure your employers and consultants about your knowledge in the field. This will help you secure good job as well as negotiate a good salary.

Pre-Requisite Experience (Recommended) for Microsoft Certifications

To pursue this certification you should have at least 1 year of experience in:

Implementing and administering a network operating system in environments with 50 to 26,000 supported users, in approximately 3 to 150 physical locations.

Implementing network services and applications such as file and print services, database services, messaging services, proxy server or firewall services, dial-in server services, and Web hosting.

Implementing and administering a desktop operating system.

Designing a network infrastructure with 3 or more domain controllers.

Significance of Microsoft Certifications for Microsoft Windows Server 2003

Microsoft has developed independent certification requirements for Microsoft Windows Server 2003. An aspirant can certify directly for MCSE/MCSA in Windows 2003 if they are new to certification process. If the aspirant is already a certified MCSE /MCSA in Windows 2000, then they can follow the upgrade path for MCSEs in Windows 2000 to secure Windows 2003 Certifications. If the aspirant certifies in MCSE for Windows NT4.0, they can earn MCSE in Windows 2003 by following the upgrade path for MCSEs in Windows NT4.0.

The exams are slightly more challenging than their Windows 2000 counterparts, but they will actually test your hands-on knowledge since that is the most important part of ensuring that a certification is credible.

Exam 70-290: Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment

Exam 70-290 is the first in the series of the core exams for MCSE certifications.

When you pass the Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Environment (MCSE 70-290) exam, you achieve Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) status. You also earn credit toward the following certifications:

Core credit towards Microsoft Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA) on Microsoft Windows Server 2003 certification

Core credit towards Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) on Microsoft Windows Server 2003 certification

MCSE 70-290 exam objectives are

Objective 1: Managing and Maintaining Physical and Logical Devices

In this objective you will need to demonstrate expertise in managing and maintaining physical and logical devices. As an administrator, you should understand Basic and Dynamic disks, RAID configuration and troubleshooting, driver signing, and the use of tools, such as Device Manager and Hardware Troubleshooting Wizard. Familiarize yourself with Device Manager and the warning and disabled icons found when problems are present on installed devices.

Objective 2: Managing Users, Computers, and Groups

This objective includes many topics, so you should be prepared to face many questions that fall into this category. Have a healthy introduction to profile management, user and group accounts, permissions, and troubleshooting. Practice a lot on GPOs and perform a variety of administrative tasks, including configuration of desktop settings, control of security settings, assignment of scripts, redirection of folders, and software distribution. Also, get a clear understanding on inheritance and filtering.

Objective 3: Managing and Maintaining Access to Resources

Knowing how to configure, monitor, audit and troubleshoot NTFS permissions based issues are one of those most important areas that you need to know this concept thoroughly and also be sure to brush up on your share permissions and share/NTFS permissions interaction. Do not forget to brush up on how folder and file permissions can change or stay the same when copying or moving within a drive or between drives.

Objective 4: Managing and Maintaining a Server Environment

In this objective you'll find questions from topics, such as Event Viewer, System Monitor, software updates (including the functionality of Microsoft's Software Update Service or SUS), Remote Assistance, disk quotas, print queues, performance objects and IIS 6.0. Spend time understanding IIS topics around Web sites, Virtual and physical directories, files and host and cname records in DNS. New to Windows Server 2003 is SUS. Understand clearly how SUS is used for deploying and managing client and server critical updates.

Objective 5: Managing and Implementing Disaster Recovery

In this objective you'll find questions on ASR, VSS, backing up files and system state data, configuring security for backup operators, verifying backup jobs, managing media, restoring and scheduling backups and recovering from server hardware failures. You should take some extra time to get familiar with the various types of backups that Windows Server 2003 supports, as well as the various configuration options that are available to you. Practice making backups of different types and then practice restoring them.

MCSE 70-290 Exam Model

Most of the questions in the MCSE 70-290 exam are multiple choice type. The questions require the "best" answer from several close responses. Other questions may present an implementation scenario, requirements, and a proposed solution and then ask if the solution meets all of the requirements or combinations of the primary and secondary requirements. Microsoft has introduced some testing innovations for the certification exams. These question types present a more realistic visual representation of the tasks a MCSE would do in future. These are

Hot Area Questions

This type of question requires indicating the correct answer by selecting one or more elements within a graphic.

Active Screen Questions - This type of question asks you to configure a dialog box by changing one or more elements.

Drag and Drop Questions - This type of question asks you to drag source objects to appropriate targets within a work area.

Build List and Reorder Questions - This type of question asks you to indicate the correct answer by building an answer list. In a Build List and Reorder question, you need to build a list by dragging the appropriate source objects to the answer list and then placing them in the correct order based on criteria defined in the question.

Create a Tree Questions - This type of question asks you to create a tree structure. You indicate the correct answer by dragging source nodes to the correct locations in the answer tree. Nodes consist of text and a small icon.

Windows Simulation Questions - This type of question asks you to indicate the correct answer by performing specific tasks such as configuring and installing network adapters or drivers, configuring and controlling access to files, and managing hardware devices. Many of the tasks that systems administrators and systems engineers perform can be presented more accurately in simulations than in most traditional exam question types.

You can get hands-on experience on new set of questions that are available in Whizlabs MCSE 70-290 Exam Simulator. This will help you plan your study regime to ensure success.

Passing Score

Microsoft has normalized scoring for all MCP exams, so the same passing score applies to all exams. 700 is now the minimum passing score for all MCP exams. However, the maximum score (which used to top out at 1000) varies per exam, depending on the complexity of the skills measured.

Time Limit

The exam duration is 175 minutes with 45 questions. You will have plenty of time to answer the exam questions, so there is no need to rush. If you have spare time available, you can double check the questions and ensure that you have read them correctly and actually answered the question as intended.

Exam Result

Instead of reporting results based on major categories for exam objectives as it used to, Microsoft is now providing numerical scores and bar graphs for "skills clusters". Visually, the bars in the exam report show you how well you fare in each skills cluster. If bars that represent cluster scores are close to one end of the graph, they indicate stronger skills; bars near the other end indicate weaker skills. Please store your exam results in both paper and electronic format for later reference.

Sample Questions

Question 1

You are a systems administrator for TicTacToe Toy Manufacturers. All servers in the company run on Microsoft Windows Server 2003. The company's Active Directory infrastructure consists of a single domain hosted on two domain controllers named Tic1 and Tic2.

Tic2 experienced a hard disk failure, and hence has been taken offline. Tic2 remained offline for some days while all Active Directory updates were made to Tic1. You proceed to restore the data from backup while ensuring that the latest Active Directory changes are replicated to Tic2.

How should you restore the lost data from backup?

Choices:

Perform authoritative restore on Tic1.

Perform normal restore on Tic2.

Perform primary restore on Tic2.

Perform authoritative restore onTic2.

Correct Choice: B

Explanation:

Choice B is the correct answer.

During a normal restore operation; Backup operates in non-authoritative restore mode. That is, any data that you restore, including Active Directory objects, will have their original update sequence number. The Active Directory replication system uses this number to detect and propagate Active Directory changes among the servers in your organization. Because of this, any data that is restored non-authoritatively will appear to the Active Directory replication system as though it is old, which means the data will never be replicated to your other servers. Instead, if newer data is available from your other domain controllers, the Active Directory replication will update the restored data. Hence, choices A, C, and D are incorrect.

Question 2

You are a systems administrator for Blueberry Packaging Industries. All servers in the company run on Microsoft Windows Server 2003.

You create a folder named Custom Package on the company's file server to contain the company's files. You share this folder as Custom Package. The folder is configured with default NTFS permissions and default share permissions. The file server is located in a secure room.

Within the shared folder, Managers should be able to add and change files and subfolders. Employees in the Sales and Packers department should be able to change and delete files and subfolders. All other employees should only be able to view the files.

All Sales employees are members of the Sales domain local security group. All Managers are members of the Managers domain local security group. The Packers are members of the Packers global security group.

How should you modify share level permissions on the Custom Package folder so that the appropriate users have the minimum required privileges? (Choose all that apply)

Choices:

Grant Change share permissions to Managers.

Deny Full Control share permissions to Managers.

Grant Change share permissions to Sales.

Grant Full Control share permissions to Sales.

Grant Change share permissions to Packers.

Grant Full Control share permissions to Packers.

Deny Full Control share permissions to Everyone.

Remove Everyone from the share permissions list.

Correct Choices: A, C, and E

Explanation:

Choices A, C, and E are the correct answers.

Change permissions allow the users to create, delete, and change any files and folders in the shared folder, provided the users have appropriate NTFS permissions on the files and folders. The default NTFS permission in Windows Server 2003 is Read for Everyone and the default share level permissions grant Read access to Everyone. You should not remove Everyone from the share permission list. By default, share level permissions grant Read access to Everyone.

How to Prepare for Microsoft Certification?

Following are the steps to prepare for Microsoft certification.

MCSE exams are not easy, as advertised on many websites. The MCSE Certifications are tough, so plan to put in a lot of time and effort getting ready for your certification exams. Get all information you can about the certification exams and then start working towards your goal.

Get hands on experience. The first step in the preparation for any Microsoft Certification is hands on experience with the related product. For MCSE, the aspirant needs to have at least a year of working experience and for MCSA, the minimum recommended time of experience is 6 months. If you are not working anywhere, it will help, if you can volunteer your IT skill services to gain valuable experience.

You can set up a small network at home to practice. Setting up the home network will give a great opportunity to learn. You can practice the lab exercises in the home network as and when you study. This will give you a better understanding of the theories than just studying the exam guides.

Get trained in the related product. If possible, try to get training in the related product in a Microsoft Authorized Training Center. You can use training resources to supplement your skills and experience. You can also use the Microsoft Official Curriculum for the related exam as well as Microsoft Press books that are available for the exam.

For Exam 70-290, the main areas that you need to concentrate are

Automated System Recovery (ASR)

Diskpart utility

Diskraid utility

Emergency Management Services (EMS)

File Replication Service (FRS)

Group Policy Management Console (GPMC)

Open File Backup

Password Backup and Restore Wizard

Remote Assistance

Remote Desktop

Shadow copying of shared folders

Software Update Services (SUS)

Virtual disk service

Permissions -Share and NTFS

Users, Computers, and Groups

Use the preparation guide of the exam that you want to take and read it thoroughly. You should know all the exam objectives of MCSE 70-290 covered in the exam preparation guide.

Use practice test software packages. Whizlabs MCSE 70-290 Exam Simulator is an example.

Do NOT use Braindumps. Braindumps might help you get the certification, but you will lack important practical knowledge about the product. Hence, your prospects of landing a good IT job will be less. Some brain dumps deliberately mislead you. So BEWARE!

You can participate in any online discussion forum, where you can participate in an ongoing dialogue and even ask doubts if you have any. You are sure to get the right guidance.

You've learned the details about the MCSE 70-290 Exam, its pattern, objectives etc. Download the MCSE Exam Preparation Guide to learn how Whizlabs can help you achieve the MCSE credential.

Resources

Exam simulators

Whizlabs MCSE 70-290 Exam Simulator

Besides identifying your weak areas and giving you a feel of the exam environment, Whizlabs Exam Simulator nurtures your potential to acquire domain expertise so that you not only succeed in your certification exam but succeed in your career too.

Articles on Windows 2003

Microsoft's Windows 2003 Server Home Page

What's New in Active Directory

Windows Server 2003 Demos

Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition

Microsoft Online Resources

TechNet : Designed for IT professionals, this resource includes Howto's, best practices, downloads, technical chats, and much more.

MSDN : The Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) is a reference for developers, featuring code samples, technical articles, newsgroups, chats, and more.

Training & Certification Newsgroups : A newsgroup exists for every Microsoft certification. By participating in the ongoing dialogue, you take advantage of a unique opportunity to exchange ideas with and ask questions of others, including more than 750 Microsoft Most Valuable Professionals (MVPs) worldwide.

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Local Vs Remote Data Backup The Pros And Cons

Backing up your data should be an essential part of your daily routine. Unfortunately for many businesses this simply isn't the case. The only time data backup crosses their mind is when they have a hard disk crash or a serious spyware or virus infection. Unfortunately by this stage it's already too late to do anything about it - the data is gone and you're then looking at several hundred, if not several thousand, dollars to have the data rescued and restored.

The concept is simple - choose a data backup plan and stick to it.

The burning question on most IT managers minds is should the data be stored locally or remotely? To be fair this is the pivot point of all data backup plans. There are pros and cons to each method.

Local Data Backup

Most companies rely on either DVD, external hard disk or tape drive data backup solutions locally. These provide fast, cost effective storage for most small companies and are also very easy for even the IT novice to operate. In the case of any data being lost it's simply a matter of restoring the data from a previous backup point and the user can then continue working.

The data, however, is only as safe as the building it's in. What happens in the case of fire, burglary, flooding or storm damage? That's right you just lost all your data backups in the blink of an eye.

Remote Data Backup

As an emerging industry remote data backup has really taken off. Most commonly remote file backup services allow you to log into a remote drive and via a web based interface upload all your critical files. 5GB of storage space is the entry point for most of the remote data backup services and this is provided at a low cost. Knowing that your data is being stored in a secure facility that's deliberately protected against harm allows you much greater peace of mind.

The weak point here however is the data transfer speed. Unless you're operating a high speed LAN in your company then remote backup can be a complete waste of time as you're tied to the maximum upstream speed of your network - which can be surprisingly slow depending on your IT infrastructure. Add in the issue of firewalls blocking uploads on certain ports and it can quickly become a real IT headache.

So how do achieve a Win-Win scenario? Blended backup! Look at utilizing both of these forms of backup. In an ideal world you'd store a local copy of your data and then upload an exact copy of that data to the remote file backup server. If money is an issue then store your bulk data locally but copy your mission critical data to the remote backup service. That way in the worst of disasters you'll still have the data you need to actually function as a business. That's not to say that bulk data such as archived email is not important but that old data could be recovered in time by a data recovery specialist whereas you mission critical data needs to be available at a moments notice.

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Learn How To Safely Backup Your Hard Drive

We all know that we should back up our system as soon as possible.But if you're like most of us,you will get to it tomorrow.The problem is that tomorrow rarely ever comes until you experience a serious computer failure and then its too lake.

Taking the time to backup your data or entire hard drive is not as painstaking as it may seem.And the rewards of doing so will be great should your system experience a crash.

WINDOWS AND OTHER BACKUP SOFTWARE

If you have Windows XP you willl need to install the new Windows backup ultility from the Windows XP cdrom.Just place the WinXP cdrom in your cdrom drive and locate the line D:VALEADDMSFTNTBACKUP.

Here you see the first letter as D but if your optical drive have a different drive letter,exchange the D with your drive's letter.To install the utility,click on the file named NTBackup.msi.

The backup utility will be installed to the system tools group. Click Start,All Programs,Accessories,System Tools,and Backup.There is a neat wizard that will walk you through the backup process.

WinXP's backup utility will backup your entire hard drive and will make a recovery disk to boot.

One neat third party backup software you can try is NewTech InfoSystems at where you can download their trial version and put it to use for 30 days.And if its your cup of tea,the full version will run you about $79.95

INCREMENTAL OR DIFFERENTIAL BACKUPS

You should back up your entire hard drive when you perform your first backup.After that it is best to perform an Incremental backup.This type of backup only allow you to backup files that have changed since your last performed backup.

Differential Backups copy changed files and files that have been added since you last did your entire backup. This type of backup is more detailed than incremental backups and is easier to restore.

BACKUP STORAGE DEVICES

You can backup your files on cdroms and have the files compressed to save both space and backup time.WinXP will compress folders,subfolders,and files during backup.

You can purchase compression software that will do the same saving you cdrom storage space.The compressed files are automatically uncompressed once they are restored unto your hard drive.

You can also use a second hard drive as your backup storage device.We use two backup hard drives to be certain Ultimate PC Repair is up and running 24/7.

You can either purchase an internal hard drive in install it to your ide cable or you may want to purchase an external hard drive that connects to your Universal Serial Bus or USB Port.

The advantage of the external drives is that they have very large amount of storage space,transfer data fast,and can be moved from your computer to any other computer.

We use the Western Digital 170 Gigabyte External Hard Drive and we simply bounce it around to either one of our four computers with the greatest of ease.

USING ONLINE BACKUP SERVICES

You may also consider online services for backing up your data.If you lose all your backup data,say due it a natural dissaster such as a flood,your online data is right there waiting for you.

Another advantage of online backups is that you can access,upload,or download your data from any location. It is best to use high speed internet access if you're considering online data storage.

One such online backup service is Istorage located at /istorage and charges from $2.49 a month for 50MBs to $17.95 a month for a big 1,000MBs of storage.

Or you can check out FilesAnywhere located at the url

Still another online service to try is CapSure located at

Backup your system now in one way or another if you have not done so.If you have critical data that you simply cannot due without,take the time to invest in a backup device or one of the many online backup services.

Stop and perform those backups as soon as possible. You will be thankful you did should something go wrong with your computer.Its always better to be safe than sorry.

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Is Your Data Encryption Really Secure

How Do You Know Your Data Encryption is Really Secure

There are various types and methods of data encryption. Some of the most popular forms of data encryption include single file encryption, folder encryption, volume encryption, whole disk encryption, and of course email encryption.

The Windows XP operating system has the ability to perform file and folder encryption. There are 3rd party tools, like PGP Desktop, which can perform whole disk, logical disk, file, and e-mail encryption.

If you routinely deal with confidential or sensitive information, or if you are concerned about private information falling into someone else's hands, encryption may be the way you want to go. However, there are a few things you should be aware of so you don't have a false sense of security.

First, What Is Data Encryption

Throughout ancient and modern history people have come up with ways to mask, hide, and verify that information is secure or valid. For instance; the ancient Babylonians in 4000 B.C. used something call intaglio, a process in which images and writing were carved or etched into stone that identified certain Babylonian merchants when they were trading. Each trader, or merchant, had a specific intaglio to make his mark, this way his customers would know that what they were purchasing belonged to, or was produced by, a specific merchant. This is a bit different then encryption, more like today's digital signature, another process typically part of data encryption.

Encryption today is much more advanced and complex. It is used for everything from securing military secrets to keeping intellectual property confidential. There are various forms of encryption techniques, some stronger or more secure than others. In it's basic form, encryption can be thought of as the masking, or the scrambling of original human readable information. The person who is masking the information must provide the person he is sending the information to with some sort of key that allows them to unscramble the information so they can make sense of it. For instance; I use encrypted e-mail messages so I can correspond with my customers on a regular basis. I do this because during certain types of projects my customers and I discuss private information such as security holes discovered during security assessments. This type of information is obviously not something we would want to fall into someone else's hands.

Most Data Does Not Start Out Encrypted So Be Careful

The primary reason I am writing this article is to point out a couple specific issues with data encryption. During a recent discussion with a friend of mine he told me that he was using Windows XP folder encryption to secure some of his confidential information. He asked me if I thought this was a secure method of storing important documents. My response was yes and no. The data encryption used by Windows XP is relatively secure, but the issue is that the majority of the data that is now encrypted in the folder did not start out that way.

Let's take for example, a word document that contains your personal financial information. You may have written this document so you have a central location where account numbers, social security numbers, and other private and individual identification information is easily retrievable. After you are finished writing the document, you then transferred it to your secure encrypted folder. Since it is now in a secure folder, only you are able to access it because only you know the pass-phrase that was used to generate the encryption key. For the most part, this assumption is correct.

While you were writing that document, you probably hit the save button several times. Or if you are like me, many times. I've lost lengthy documents several times in the past and have trained myself to hit the save button pretty frequently. Every time you hit the save button, a new temporary version of the file is created. This is typically saved in the c:documents and settings"profile name"local settings emp directory. This is done for recovery and undue purposes. For instance, if you make a mistake while writing the document and need to undue your actions, one of these temp files may be used to undue the action. Also, if your system or application crashed while writing the document, you can recover it from the temp files stored in this directory. You may have had to go through this before and it works very well.

Now that you have finished your document and copied or moved it to the secure folder, your document is secure, right? Wrong. Chances are the temporary files in your temp directory are still there. Even if you were to delete them, there is a significant chance they can be recovered using open source or very inexpensive undelete or data recovery software. If someone where to get hold of your computer, hard drive, or gain remote access to your system somehow, there is a significant chance the unencrypted original version of your document can be located. So what can you do to make sure that your encrypted version of your file and data is the only version. There is not a clear or 100% secure answer to this question but I will share with you how I deal with the issue.

Changing The Location Of Unencrypted Temp Files

The primary way applications like Microsoft Word determine where to store temporary versions of your files is by looking at two user environment variables. One called "tmp" and one called "temp". They can be accessed by right clicking on "my computer", choose properties, then choose the "advanced" tab and click "environment variables". Here you can edit or change the default location for temporary files. One thing I have to point out is even though a large number of software packages use these locations for temporary storage, it will be hard to determine if they all do or if they save temp files in other locations. You will have to do a little investigating to determine where various applications store their temp files. On my system, I have changed these variables to point to an encrypted disk where I store my encrypted data and files. This way, I can be reasonably sure that temporary or working versions of the files are also encrypted.

Encrypted Files May Not Stay Encrypted When Copied or Moved

Another thing you should be aware of is what happens to encrypted files or folders when they are copied or moved to another location. If a file or folder that has previously been encrypted is copied or moved to another Windows NTFS partition or volume, the encryption is preserved (under most circumstances). However, if you move or copy the encrypted data to volume or partition that is not NTFS, the file is automatically decrypted. Also, just because a file is encrypted on your hard disk it does not mean that this file will be encrypted when you e-mail it to someone. E-mail encryption is a totally different procedure. Also, keep in mind that encrypted files are decrypted when they are transmitted over a network connection.

Make Sure Deleted Unencrypted Files Are Really Gone

Because data that is deleted from disk may be recoverable for quite some time, I use another procedure to limit or reduce the risk of this possibility. As I mentioned earlier, data that has been deleted can in many cases be easily recovered using off the shelf software. In order to be reasonably sure deleted data is not easily recoverable, you need to write over that portion of the disk where the file and it's fragments were located. Actually, you most likely need to do this multiple times just to be sure the data is unrecoverable. The PGP Desktop software I use to create encrypted file systems, send encrypted e-mail, and create encrypted zip files also has a tool called "Wipe Free Space". This tool will write random patterns of data to all space on a drive that is flagged as free. You can tell the software how many times to perform this procedure but the default it usually three passes. My primary system performs this task every night. This way I can be reasonably sure the!

unencrypted versions of my encrypted files are not just sitting around waiting to be recovered.

Conclusion

If you are concerned about keeping important data confidential, file, folder, or disk encryption is a good solution. If configured properly you can be reasonably sure that your private information will remain private. Just remember that most data does not start out encrypted and that remnants of the original information may still exist in an unencrypted state. There are many options with regard to data encryption; Windows XP native file and folder encryption, open source encryption solutions, or commercial encryption solutions such as PGP (Pretty Good Privacy). Do some research up front to determine which may be the best method for you.

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